{"id":5274,"date":"2021-10-18T19:55:18","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T16:55:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/?p=5226"},"modified":"2021-10-18T19:55:18","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T16:55:18","slug":"ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/","title":{"rendered":"AHLAK FELSEFES\u0130 VE D\u0130N PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Prof. Dr. \u0130lhan KUTLUER<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

AYIP MI G\u00dcNAH MI?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahlak Felsefesi ve Din Pisikolojisi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trafik polisi Mehmet efendinin e\u015fi ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir ameliyat esnas\u0131nda kan kaybetmektedir. Acilen kana ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Mehmet efendi kan merkezinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede hastaneye yeti\u015ftirmelidir. Cam \u015fi\u015feler i\u00e7indeki gerekli kan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel arabas\u0131yla trafikte s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Trafik yo\u011fundur. Mehmet efendi ne yapmal\u0131d\u0131r. Trafik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 hi\u00e7e say\u0131p yoldaki di\u011fer s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ve yayalar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek kurallara uymal\u0131 m\u0131d\u0131r? Yoksa kan \u00fcnitelerini ne pahas\u0131na olursa olsun hastaneye yeti\u015ftirmeli midir? Hastaneye hi\u00e7 gidememekte vard\u0131r, ge\u00e7 gitmekte, eli bo\u015f gitmekte\u2026 Arac\u0131n ani bir hareketinde kan \u015fi\u015feleri k\u0131r\u0131larak t\u00fcm emeklerin bo\u015fa gitmesi ihtimali de vard\u0131r. Mehmet efendi ne yapmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan ya\u015fam\u0131 boyunca bir \u00e7ok ikilem ya\u015far, ahlaki veya zaruri tercihe zorlan\u0131r. Ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu kendi \u00fczerine al\u0131r. Ahlak, kayna\u011f\u0131 dini veya \u00f6rfi olan kaidelerin i\u00e7selle\u015ftirilmesi olarak ta ifade edilebilir. Felsefe, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler sistemi olarak ifade edilebilir. Din, ilahi veya be\u015feri kaynakl\u0131 kutsala olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131kt\u0131r. Psikoloji ise en genel manada insan ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bilimdir. Din bir davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 veya tutumu de\u011ferlendirirken haram-helal kavram\u0131n\u0131, ahlak; iyi-k\u00f6t\u00fc kavram\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. Dinde bunun neticesi sevap-g\u00fcnah olarak tezah\u00fcr derken, ahlakta ise ay\u0131p kavram\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Peki biz nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirmeliyiz? Bu durumda ay\u0131b\u0131 m\u0131 g\u00fcnah\u0131 m\u0131 vurgulayaca\u011f\u0131z?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcnah; yap\u0131lmas\u0131 Allah taraf\u0131ndan menedilmi\u015f olanlard\u0131r. T\u00fcm kainat\u0131 tasarlayan y\u00fcce yarat\u0131c\u0131, evreni kendi haline b\u0131rakmadan ondaki tasarruf hakk\u0131n\u0131 devam ettirmektedir. Galaksilerden atoma, tohumdan bulutlara, g\u00f6zya\u015f\u0131ndan insana ve her \u015feyi kendi denetim ve g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda bulundurarak, yaratm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu bu muhte\u015fem eserin halifesi olarak da insan\u0131 yetkilendirmi\u015ftir. Hilafeti verirken de sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131 da vermi\u015ftir. T\u0131pk\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en k\u0131ymetli hazinesi say\u0131labilecek de\u011ferde bir elmas\u0131 bir insana bir s\u00fcreli\u011fine emanet ederken bak\u0131m ve kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131 kendisine izah edilirse; o ki\u015fi emaneti muhafaza ederken kendisine verilen talimatlara uymas\u0131 gerekiyorsa, her \u015feye nizam veren Allah insan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f b\u0131rakacak de\u011fildir. Allah kainat\u0131 insan\u0131n hizmetine sunarken insan mutlulu\u011funu ve insan\u0131n m\u00fcsterih olmas\u0131n\u0131 da murat etmi\u015ftir. Bunun neticesinde Allah \u0130slam diniyle insan i\u00e7in kalbi ve ameli bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7izmi\u015ftir. Bununla ilgili de gerekli donan\u0131m\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Allah insana ak\u0131l melekesini vererek;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akl\u0131n tercih kutuplar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ne\u015fet eden ilimler<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00f6t\u00fc \u0130yi Ahlak<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7irkin G\u00fczel Sanat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zararl\u0131 Faydal\u0131 \u0130ktisat<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zul\u00fcm Adalet Hukuk<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yanl\u0131\u015f Do\u011fru Bilim, iki farkl\u0131 kutuptan birini tercih edebilme iradesini vermi\u015ftir. Tercihleri neticesinde de insan\u0131n kalbi ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilerek yapt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 zerresine kadar da g\u00f6rece\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ay\u0131p; yap\u0131lmas\u0131 beklenmeyen, yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda da insanlar\u0131n y\u00fcz k\u0131zartan davran\u0131\u015flara denilebilir. \u0130nsan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ay\u0131b\u0131, bir ressam\u0131n eserlerini bildi\u011fi halde, ressam\u0131 tan\u0131mamas\u0131d\u0131r. Yani kainat\u0131, insan\u0131 ve her \u015feyi bildi\u011fi anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde bunlar\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131ndan, Allah\u2019tan bihaber olmas\u0131 insan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ay\u0131b\u0131d\u0131r. K\u00fcf\u00fcr demek olan bu tanr\u0131tan\u0131mazl\u0131k dinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r, t\u0131pk\u0131 ressam\u0131n bir daha o insan\u0131 kendi eserlerinden mahrum etme hakk\u0131 gibi sakl\u0131d\u0131r. Mesela yalan s\u00f6ylemek Allah taraf\u0131ndan men edilmi\u015f bir davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imidir. G\u00fcnah olmas\u0131 en \u00f6nemli yapt\u0131r\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat g\u00fcnah olmasa bile yalan s\u00f6ylemeyecek bir \u00e7ok insan gene vard\u0131r. Bunun hikmeti, yalan s\u00f6ylemenin ay\u0131p bir davran\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nsan\u0131n utanmas\u0131 ve f\u0131trat\u0131n\u0131n buna uygunsuzlu\u011fu yalan s\u00f6ylemeyi ay\u0131plam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aile ve sosyal ya\u015famda yalan\u0131n insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6rece\u011fi \u00e7orap o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr ki, Allah bunu ve insan\u0131n f\u0131trat\u0131n\u0131n yalana uygunsuzlu\u011funu bildi\u011fi i\u00e7in yalan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla iman\u0131 ve ameli olarak men edilmi\u015f b\u00fct\u00fcn tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmamak ay\u0131p olarak nitelendirilebilir. K\u0131saca her g\u00fcnah bir ay\u0131pt\u0131r. Peki her ay\u0131p bir g\u00fcnah m\u0131d\u0131r? \u0130lahi k\u00f6kenli olmay\u0131p be\u015feri ili\u015fkileri \u015fekillendiren bir \u00e7ok etken vard\u0131r. Bu etkenlerin insan\u0131n tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla olan ili\u015fkisi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 bir etkile\u015fim a\u011f\u0131yla ifade edilebilir. Etki, tutum, davran\u0131\u015f veya davran\u0131\u015f, tutum, etki \u015feklinde i\u015fleyen bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te g\u00fcnah olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde ay\u0131p olan \u015feylerde vard\u0131r. Mesela di\u015fini k\u00fcrdanla temizleyen bir insan\u0131n a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n ve i\u00e7indekilerin, gerekli gizlili\u011fi sa\u011flayamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in ba\u015fka insanlar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi ay\u0131p bir davran\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130slam bu konuda bir buyrukta bulunmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla haram ve g\u00fcnah de\u011fildir. Fakat be\u015feri ili\u015fkilerde Peygamber efendimiz (sav) kendi ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131yla bir \u00f6rnek olmu\u015f, s\u00f6zleriyle ahlaki \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi netle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Genel olan bir \u00e7ok kaide bu konuyu \u015f\u00f6yle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karabilir. \u201ckendin i\u00e7in istemedi\u011fini ba\u015fkas\u0131 i\u00e7in isteme\u201d, \u201cinsanlar\u0131 tiksindirmeyin\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahlak nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc olarak vas\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an manevi nitelikleri, huylar\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n etkisiyle ortaya koydu\u011fu iradeli davran\u0131\u015flar b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fc; bu konularla ilgili ilim dal\u0131. Ahlak Arap\u00e7a\u2019da \u201cseciye, huy, tabiat\u201d gibi manalara gelen hulk veya huluk (ahlak\u0131n tekili) kelimesinin \u00e7o\u011fuludur. S\u00f6zc\u00fcklerde \u00e7o\u011funlukla insan\u0131n fiziki yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in halk, manevi yap\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in hulk kelimelerinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 kaydedilir. Ayr\u0131ca ahlak yan\u0131nda yeme, i\u00e7me, sohbet, yolculuk gibi g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlar\u0131yla ilgili davran\u0131\u015f ve g\u00f6rg\u00fc kurallar\u0131na, terbiyeli, kibar ve takdire de\u011fer davran\u0131\u015f bi\u00e7imlerin, bunlara dair \u00f6\u011f\u00fct verici k\u0131sa ve hikmetli s\u00f6zlere ve bu s\u00f6zlerin derlendi\u011fi eserlere edep veya adap da denilmi\u015ftir. Edep \u00f6zel davran\u0131\u015f alanlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131rken ahlak, tutum ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 mahiyetindeki ruhi ve manevi melekeleri, insan\u0131n ruhi kemalini sa\u011flamaya y\u00f6nelik bilgi ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcce alan\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n tutumlardan zuhur etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemesine ra\u011fmen e\u011fitim bilimciler e\u011fitimi, kas\u0131tl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi olarak ifade ederler. Neticesinde ne ac\u0131d\u0131r ki, tutumlara tutunamam\u0131\u015f bir davran\u0131\u015f kal\u0131c\u0131 ve samimi olamamaktad\u0131r. Sadece davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik olan e\u011fitim sistemleri ve s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, belirli ko\u015fullarda istenilen davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n sergilenmesine sebep olarak aldat\u0131c\u0131, samimiyetten uzak davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n ger\u00e7ek gerek\u00e7esi belli olmayan adeta birer sanal yapt\u0131r\u0131m haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7selle\u015ftirme olarak ifade edilen tutum kazanma s\u00fcreci maalesef gene belirli ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda hat\u0131rlanan bir tutum halini alarak davran\u0131\u015flardaki aldat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 burada da samimiyetsiz bir \u015fekilde s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Bunun temel sebebi davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan tutumlar\u0131n, insan\u0131n yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f esas\u0131n\u0131 ok\u015famayan g\u00fcd\u00fclendirmelerden olu\u015fturulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Temel olarak k\u0131saca \u015funu ifade edebiliriz; Tanr\u0131 inanc\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesini ho\u015f g\u00f6rmeyen t\u00fcm sosyal bilimler gibi e\u011fitim bilimleri de yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131z ve d\u00fczenleyicisiz, ba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir evren ve insan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 esas alarak \u00fcrettikleri teorileri her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn yeterli bulmamakla t\u00fckenmektedirler. \u0130nsan\u0131n yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7eklerini bir kenara b\u0131rakarak insana dair konu\u015fmak ne kadar cahilceyken bu bilimmi\u015f gibi insanl\u0131\u011fa yutturulmaktad\u0131r. Halbuki islami literat\u00fcr incelendi\u011finde halk ve hulk kelimelerinin halaka s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle irtibatland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rsa Allah\u2019\u0131n \u201cba\u015f\u0131bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 m\u0131 sand\u0131n\u0131z\u201d ayeti kerimesince her \u015feyiyle kainat\u0131 nas\u0131l bir m\u00fckemmeliyet i\u00e7erisinde tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131na daha muvaffak olunacakt\u0131r. Allah insan\u0131 en g\u00fczel bir tabiatta yaratm\u0131\u015f (Tin 95\/4), ona kendi ruhundan \u00fcflemi\u015ftir (Hicr 15\/29). Bu y\u00fczden insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n atas\u0131 olan ve b\u00fct\u00fcn insanlar\u0131 temsil eden Hz. Adem\u2019in \u00f6n\u00fcnde Allah\u2019\u0131n emri gere\u011fince b\u00fct\u00fcn melekler secdeye kapanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak insan\u0131n bu ruhi \u00fcst\u00fcn cephesi yan\u0131nda bir de topraktan yarat\u0131lan be\u015feri cephesi vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nsandaki bu ikilik onun ahlaki bak\u0131mdan \u00e7ift kutuplu bir varl\u0131k olmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmu\u015ftur. \u201cAllah insan nefsine f\u00fccurunu da takvas\u0131n\u0131 da ilham etmi\u015f\u201d, yani ona iyilik ve k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn kaynaklar\u0131 olan kabiliyetleri birlikte vermi\u015ftir.3 Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u201cnefsini temiz tutan kurtulu\u015fa ermi\u015f, onu kirletense h\u00fcsrana u\u011fram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u201d (\u015eems 91\/9-10).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahlak\u0131n temeli nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130slam ahlak\u0131n\u0131n as\u0131l temeli kuran ve onun rehberli\u011finde idrak edilen s\u00fcnnettir. Kuran ve s\u00fcnnet dini ve d\u00fcnyevi hayat\u0131n genel \u00e7er\u00e7evesini \u00e7izmi\u015f, ameli kurallar\u0131n\u0131, tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015f, b\u00f6ylece daha sonra f\u0131k\u0131h\u00e7\u0131 ve hadis\u00e7iler, kelamc\u0131lar ve mutasavv\u0131flar, hatta filozoflar taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilecek olan ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u015eAR\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akl\u0131n kendi ba\u015f\u0131na iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fcye karar veremeyece\u011fini belirten e\u015fariler, ancak emir ve nehiylerin bilinmesiyle hay\u0131r ve \u015ferre ula\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade ederler. \u0130yinin ve k\u00f6t\u00fcn\u00fcn Allah taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederek, \u015ferrin Allah taraf\u0131ndan var edilmesinin bir zul\u00fcm say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan i\u00e7in hay\u0131r ve \u015fer olan bir \u015fey Allah i\u00e7in herhangi bir de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131maz. \u015eer de y\u00fcce Allah\u2019tand\u0131r; fakat Allah \u015ferri kendisi i\u00e7in de\u011fil ba\u015fkas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fer olarak yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. E\u015farinin maksad\u0131 Allah\u2019\u0131n kudret ve iradesinin mutlakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 inanc\u0131n\u0131n her t\u00fcrl\u00fc \u015f\u00fcpheden ar\u0131nmas\u0131 temeline dayan\u0131r. Ve iman\u0131n \u201cs\u00f6z ve amel\u201d oldu\u011funu, art\u0131p eksilebilece\u011fini benimseyerek ameli de imandan bir c\u00fcz sayar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MUTEZ\u0130LE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fiillerin, amel ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcnde kendisine ait iyilik veya k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fck vard\u0131r. Hay\u0131r ve \u015ferrin niteli\u011fi fiilin kendinden has\u0131l olur. Ak\u0131l, emir ve neyih ve fiillerde bulunan bu de\u011ferleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kararak izafilikten kurtarm\u0131\u015f olur. Mutezile vahyin haber verdi\u011fi t\u00fcm bilgilerin do\u011frulu\u011funa \u015f\u00fcphesizce inan\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 zamanda iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc bilgisine ak\u0131lla da ula\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130yi ve k\u00f6t\u00fcye \u0130slam kelamc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda insan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l olu\u015ftu\u011funa dair zorunlu ve \u00f6zg\u00fcr irade tan\u0131mlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u015fariler insan\u0131n davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda irade g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm amellerinin kendisi taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lmayan ve se\u00e7ilmeyen fiiller oldu\u011funu belirtirken, mutezile bu zorunlulu\u011fu Allah\u2019\u0131n adalet s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n tecelli etmeyece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek insan iradesiyle yap\u0131lan tercihlerin Allah taraf\u0131ndan yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Bu durumda amellerine herhangi bir etkinin tesir etmedi\u011fi insana e\u015fariye g\u00f6re yap\u0131lacak hi\u00e7bir y\u00f6nlendirmenin veya e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecinin ki\u015finin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirece\u011fi yoktur. Mutezile ise insan\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcr iradesi sonucu Allah\u2019\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 insan amellerine tercih vuku bulaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in herhangi bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6n verilebilece\u011fini ifade eder. E\u015fari ayn\u0131 zamanda ki\u015finin kaderinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olan\u0131n vuku bulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in onun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131lacak olan etkilemenin de o insan\u0131n kaderinde oldu\u011funu belirtir. B\u00f6ylece kaza meydana gelmi\u015f olur. Ki\u015fiye verilecek e\u011fitim s\u00fcreci de o insan\u0131n kaderindedir ve ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir. herhangi bir etki olmayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclerek e\u011fitim s\u00fcrecinden vazge\u00e7ilemez, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc e\u011fitim de o de\u011fi\u015fmez s\u00fcrecin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131saca \u00f6zetlemek gerekirse psikoloji insan\u0131n kalbini mutmain ve m\u00fcsterih olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 gereken ve bunun i\u00e7in incelemeler yapan bir bilimdir. Nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131yla ilgilenir. Din de bu anlamda ayn\u0131 amac\u0131 sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Bunu yaparken insan hayat\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131n\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131, sonucunu, insan\u0131n kendisini, evreni ve insan ile kainat aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi izah eder, eserden m\u00fcessire ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bekler. Hatta beklemez, el\u00e7iler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bunu kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Onun i\u00e7in din nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izah edece\u011fi gibi ne yan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da tespit eder. Ahlak ise ne yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini ve gereklilikleri izah eder. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla din asl\u0131nda her ikisininde bir araya geli\u015finin birikimi olarak da de\u011ferlendirilebilir. Ahlaks\u0131z ve dinsiz bir psikoloji laboratuarlarda say\u0131larla ilgilenen bir bilim olmaktan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7emez. Nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 en g\u00fczel haliyle tespit ederken ne yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bilemez. Yol g\u00f6sterici ve k\u0131lavuz olan dinin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde de ahlakt\u0131r. Zaten bana g\u00f6re etik kavram\u0131 da biraz din k\u00f6kenli olmas\u0131 sebebiyle ahlak\u0131n d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131yla olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftur. Ve son kanaatim \u201cbilimin dini: etik\u201d olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabi varl\u0131\u011fa veya varoldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelene, verilen veya \u00f6z\u00fcnde olan\u0131 zuhur etti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen de\u011ferlerde apayr\u0131 bir konudur. Ahlak felsefesinin temel suallerinden de biri budur. Bo\u015f levha ilk kay\u0131tl\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. \u0130nsan\u0131n f\u0131trat\u0131 da bu ba\u011flamda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilir. Bo\u015f mu gelir, yar\u0131 dolu mu, dolu mu, yoksa doldurmaya meyilli mi? \u0130nsan davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan temel geli\u015f son nokta itibariyle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi izah edilmektedir. F\u0131trat: dini kabule haz\u0131r yarat\u0131l\u0131\u015f, Allah Teala\u2019\u0131n mahlukat\u0131n\u0131 kendisini bilip tan\u0131yacak ve idrak edecek bir hal \u00fczere yaratmas\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prof. Dr. \u0130lhan KUTLUER AYIP MI G\u00dcNAH MI? Ahlak Felsefesi ve Din Pisikolojisi Trafik polisi Mehmet efendinin e\u015fi ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir ameliyat esnas\u0131nda kan kaybetmektedir. Acilen kana ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Mehmet efendi kan merkezinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede hastaneye yeti\u015ftirmelidir. Cam \u015fi\u015feler i\u00e7indeki gerekli kan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel arabas\u0131yla trafikte s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Trafik yo\u011fundur. Mehmet efendi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[190],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilimsel-makaleler"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AHLAK-FELSEFESI-VE-DIN-PSIKOLOJISI-ILISKISI-1.jpg",570,265,false],"list":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AHLAK-FELSEFESI-VE-DIN-PSIKOLOJISI-ILISKISI-1-463x265.jpg",463,265,true],"medium":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AHLAK-FELSEFESI-VE-DIN-PSIKOLOJISI-ILISKISI-1-300x139.jpg",300,139,true],"full":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AHLAK-FELSEFESI-VE-DIN-PSIKOLOJISI-ILISKISI-1.jpg",570,265,false]},"yoast_head":"\nAHLAK FELSEFES\u0130 VE D\u0130N PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130 - Brussels Capital University<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AHLAK FELSEFES\u0130 VE D\u0130N PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130 - Brussels Capital University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Prof. Dr. \u0130lhan KUTLUER AYIP MI G\u00dcNAH MI? Ahlak Felsefesi ve Din Pisikolojisi Trafik polisi Mehmet efendinin e\u015fi ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir ameliyat esnas\u0131nda kan kaybetmektedir. Acilen kana ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Mehmet efendi kan merkezinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede hastaneye yeti\u015ftirmelidir. Cam \u015fi\u015feler i\u00e7indeki gerekli kan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel arabas\u0131yla trafikte s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Trafik yo\u011fundur. 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Brussels Capital University","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"AHLAK FELSEFES\u0130 VE D\u0130N PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130 - Brussels Capital University","og_description":"Prof. Dr. \u0130lhan KUTLUER AYIP MI G\u00dcNAH MI? Ahlak Felsefesi ve Din Pisikolojisi Trafik polisi Mehmet efendinin e\u015fi ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir ameliyat esnas\u0131nda kan kaybetmektedir. Acilen kana ihtiyac\u0131 vard\u0131r. Mehmet efendi kan merkezinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 kan\u0131 \u00e7ok k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede hastaneye yeti\u015ftirmelidir. Cam \u015fi\u015feler i\u00e7indeki gerekli kan\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zel arabas\u0131yla trafikte s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Trafik yo\u011fundur. Mehmet efendi […]","og_url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/","og_site_name":"Brussels Capital University","article_published_time":"2021-10-18T16:55:18+00:00","og_image":[{"width":570,"height":265,"url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AHLAK-FELSEFESI-VE-DIN-PSIKOLOJISI-ILISKISI-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"admin","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"12 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/7827bc312d6272021c9437e91b8119ac"},"headline":"AHLAK FELSEFES\u0130 VE D\u0130N PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130","datePublished":"2021-10-18T16:55:18+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/"},"wordCount":2376,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/AHLAK-FELSEFESI-VE-DIN-PSIKOLOJISI-ILISKISI-1.jpg","articleSection":["Bilimsel Makaleler"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/","url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/ahlak-felsefesi-ve-din-psikolojisi-iliskisi\/","name":"AHLAK FELSEFES\u0130 VE D\u0130N PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130S\u0130 - 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