{"id":5276,"date":"2021-10-18T19:58:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T16:58:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/?p=5232"},"modified":"2021-10-18T19:58:43","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T16:58:43","slug":"degerler-psikolojisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/degerler-psikolojisi\/","title":{"rendered":"DE\u011eERLER PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ai\u015fe \u00c7if\u00e7i<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

DE\u011eER KAVRAMI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00f6zl\u00fckte; insanlar\u0131n, hayat\u0131n anlam\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bi\u00e7imlendirilmesi konusunda alternatif yollar aras\u0131ndan bir tercih yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan yol g\u00f6sterici nitelikteki soyut yahut somut ilke,inan\u00e7 veya varl\u0131klardan her biri1 olarak tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fer; sosyal bilimciler taraf\u0131ndan ‘belirli bir davran\u0131\u015f ve varolu\u015f amac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel ve toplumsal olarak kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131na tercih edilmesine dair kal\u0131c\u0131 bir inan\u00e7’, veya da ‘insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6nlendiren, arzu edilir olan\u0131 temsil eden ve \u00f6nem derecelerinde farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6zlenen sosyal psikolojik kuruntular’<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u011fer terimi bazan iyi, uygun, istenen ve de\u011ferli olarak nitelendirilen objeler veya konular i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r; yani para, m\u00fccevher, ba\u015far\u0131, kuvvet, \u015f\u00f6hret\u2026.gibi konular i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.Maddi objeler kadar, insanlar\u0131n be\u011fendi\u011fi veya \u00f6nem atfetti\u011fi inan\u00e7lar ve kurumlar\u0131 da i\u00e7ine al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f psikolojide de\u011fer kavram\u0131 olduk\u00e7a geni\u015f ve \u00e7ok defa gev\u015fek bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte tarihi olarak de\u011fer kavram\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131nda iki temel yakla\u015f\u0131m olmu\u015ftur. Birincisi \u015fu varsay\u0131ma dayan\u0131r; de\u011fer, uyar\u0131c\u0131 objenin i\u00e7inde mevcuttur. Uyar\u0131c\u0131 obje i\u00e7sel veya mutlak bir de\u011fere sahiptir; yani o objenin kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan insanla ilgili olamayan bir de\u011fere veya \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u0130kinci yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m da \u015fudur; uyar\u0131c\u0131 objeler i\u00e7sel bir de\u011fere sahip de\u011fildirler. Bir objenin de\u011feri sadece insanlar\u0131n onu alg\u0131lama yollar\u0131n\u0131n bir fonksiyonudur, yani g\u00f6relidir. Bu pozisyona g\u00f6re, belli bir uyar\u0131c\u0131 objesi, bir kimse i\u00e7in belli bir zamanda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fere sahip bulunabilir, bir ba\u015fka zamanda ise ayn\u0131 ki\u015fi onu bir engel olarak alg\u0131lam\u0131\u015f olabilir.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erol G\u00fcng\u00f6r; de\u011fer, bir \u015feyin arzu edilebilir veya edilemez oldu\u011fu hakk\u0131ndaki inan\u00e7t\u0131r der ve \u015f\u00f6yle sorar; ‘acaba de\u011fer sadece bir inan\u00e7tan, yani subjektif bir yak\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan m\u0131 ibarettir? Bizim inanc\u0131m\u0131z d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda objektif bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi temsil etmez mi? O\u2019na g\u00f6re ahlak felsefesinin en eski, en \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmez g\u00f6r\u00fcnen problemi budur. Bu soruya bir cevap bulabildi\u011fimiz takdirde ahlaki davran\u0131\u015f ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce konusundaki \u015f\u00fcphelerimiz hemen tamamen ortadan kalkabilirdi. E\u011fer ahlaki de\u011ferin objektif bir temelini bulabilseydik anla\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131m\u0131zdan kurtulur, kendimize \u015fa\u015fmaz bir rehber bulurduk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcng\u00f6r, psikolojide de\u011ferin \u00f6neminin ise, de\u011fer probleminin objektif bir esasa dayan\u0131p dayanmamas\u0131nda de\u011fil, insan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yol g\u00f6stericisi olarak oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 rolde oldu\u011funu belirtir. Bu bak\u0131mdan psikolo\u011fun de\u011feri sadece bir inan\u00e7 olarak ald\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eder. Ve de\u011ferin bir inan\u00e7 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n belli bir k\u0131sm\u0131yla ilgili idrak, duygu ve bilgilerimizin bir terkibi oldu\u011funu, inanc\u0131n spesifik bir \u015fekli olmak itibariyle ondan daha yukar\u0131 bir zihin organizasyonu oldu\u011funu da ekler. \u00d6zellikle ahlaki davran\u0131\u015f konusunda de\u011ferin bir kimsenin \u00e7e\u015fitli insanlar\u0131, insanlara ait nitelikleri, istek ve niyetler, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu bir kriter oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr ve \u015f\u00f6yle bir \u00f6rnek verir; Ahmet iyi bir insand\u0131r. Ni\u00e7in? \u0130nsanlara elinden geldi\u011fince yard\u0131m etmektedir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlara yard\u0131m etmek iyidir.5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00dcLT\u00dcR VE DE\u011eERLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u00fclt\u00fcr; bir toplumun sahip oldu\u011fu maddi ve manevi k\u0131ymetlerden olu\u015fan \u00f6yle bir b\u00fct\u00fcnd\u00fcr ki, toplum i\u00e7inde mevcut her \u00e7e\u015fit bilgiyi, alakalar\u0131, itiyatlar\u0131, k\u0131ymet \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerini, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ve zihniyet ile her \u00e7e\u015fit davran\u0131\u015f \u015fekillerini i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar birlikte, o toplum mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda m\u00fc\u015fterek olan ve onu di\u011fer toplumlardan ay\u0131ran hususi bir hayat tarz\u0131 temin eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn belli ba\u015fl\u0131 de\u011ferleri vard\u0131r ve bu de\u011ferler o k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc di\u011ferlerinden ay\u0131r\u0131r. Bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde faydac\u0131l\u0131kla ilgili de\u011ferler \u00f6nde gelmektedir. Ba\u015far\u0131 kazanmak, tan\u0131nmak, mevki tutmak, de\u011fer verdi\u011fimiz hususlard\u0131r.Bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr i\u00e7inde kendini g\u00f6sterme motifi \u00f6nemli bir yer tutar. Halbuki daha \u00f6nce i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fumuz k\u00fclt\u00fcrde durum bundan farkl\u0131yd\u0131. El yazmas\u0131 baz\u0131 eski kitaplar aras\u0131nda, yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaba imza atma gere\u011fi duymayan, bunun yerine, muhta\u00e7 ve kusur dolu bir insan anlam\u0131na gelen ve al\u00e7ak g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fcl\u00fck ifade eden \u2018fakiri p\u00fcr taksir\u2019ibaresini koymakla yetinen kimselere rastlanmaktad\u0131r7. Yine C\u00fccelo\u011flu\u2019na g\u00f6re ABD\u2019de 18 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki bir gencin ailesinden ayr\u0131l\u0131p kendi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kurmas\u0131 hususundaki davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 takdir edilir8. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc o k\u00fclt\u00fcrde her bireyin belli bir ya\u015ftan sonra kendi ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7aresine bakmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir de\u011ferdir. Halbuki bizim k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fczde bu davran\u0131\u015f son derece ay\u0131pt\u0131r, sayg\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r ve yad\u0131rganacak bir harekettir. G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi de\u011ferler k\u00fclt\u00fcre g\u00f6re \u015fekil almakta ya da de\u011ferler bizzat bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr kal\u0131b\u0131 olu\u015fturabilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0130NS\u0130YET VE DE\u011eERLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler aras\u0131nda de\u011fer farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 olabilir mi? Erol G\u00fcng\u00f6r\u2019e g\u00f6re \u015fimdiye kadar yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda bu konu \u00fczerinde fazla yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve neticede kesin bir \u015fey ortaya konulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler aras\u0131nda zeka, haf\u0131za, \u00f6\u011frenme, \u00f6zel kabiliyetler, heyecanl\u0131l\u0131k vs.bak\u0131m\u0131ndan herhangi bir fark bulunsa da bulunmasa da, onlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel fakt\u00f6rler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farklar g\u00f6sterece\u011fi muhakkakt\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu farklar\u0131 biz kendi elimizle yaratmaktay\u0131z9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Her toplumun yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel dinamikler i\u00e7erisinde kad\u0131na ve erke\u011fe y\u00fckledi\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferler vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin T\u00fcrk Toplumunda \u00f6\u011fretmenlik kad\u0131n i\u00e7in ideal bir meslek olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6\u011fretmenlik mesle\u011fi kad\u0131na y\u00fcklenen bir misyondur, bir de\u011fer niteli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131r. Erol G\u00fcng\u00f6r\u2019\u00fcn verdi\u011fi \u015fu \u00f6rnek de ayn\u0131 olgunun nas\u0131l cinsiyet farkl\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131yla farkl\u0131 bir de\u011fer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir: ‘erkeklerin sadakatsizlikleri genellikle ka\u00e7amak vs. tabirlerle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck,hatta sevimli g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi halde, kad\u0131nlarda b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcnaht\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

YA\u015e VE DE\u011eERLER<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farkl\u0131 ya\u015f gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda toplumun mevcut de\u011ferlerini benimsemede \u00e7e\u015fitli tutumlar s\u00f6z konusu olabilmektedir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ku\u015fak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bu durumda, bir \u00f6nceki ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n benimsedi\u011fi de\u011ferleri bir sonrakinin abes bulmas\u0131 durumudur. Ama neticede G\u00fcng\u00f6r\u2019e g\u00f6re bu ku\u015fak \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gen\u00e7lerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve gen\u00e7lik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na mahsus olarak kalmakta, ya\u015f\u0131n ilerlemesiyle birlikte uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k, de\u011ferleri kabullenememezlik durumu ortadan kalkmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DE\u011eERLER VE MOT\u0130VASYON<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u011ferler, bir toplumun \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan izlenen ve benimsenen genel ama\u00e7lar olarak da tan\u0131mlanmaktad\u0131r. Bilindi\u011fi gibi ama\u00e7, motivasyon kavram\u0131n\u0131n bir tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r, \u00f6zendirici anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu nedenle de, genelle\u015fmi\u015f ama\u00e7lar, genelle\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zendiriciler olarak ifade edilebilir. Ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunlar,yani de\u011ferler, temel g\u00fcd\u00fclere ba\u011fl\u0131 ve toplumun \u00fcyelerince payla\u015f\u0131lan genelle\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zendiriciler olarak yorumlanabilir . Bu anlamda diyebiliriz ki, de\u011ferler, ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n tatmininde rol oynarlar. Bireyin bir \u00e7ok de\u011feri, ihtiya\u00e7 ve isteklerini do\u011frudan do\u011fruya tatmin eden objelerin de\u011ferlendirilmesi ile ilgilidir. Bu durumda de\u011fer objeleri, motiflerin tatmininde ara\u00e7sald\u0131r ve birey i\u00e7in fonksiyonel bir anlama sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DE\u011eERLER VE TUTUMLAR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tutum; bir bireye atfedilen ve onun bir psikolojik obje ile ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, duygu ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli bir bi\u00e7imde olu\u015fturan bir e\u011filimdir14 Tutumlar, ho\u015flanma ve ho\u015flanmamalard\u0131r; durumlar, nesneler, ki\u015filer, gruplar ve soyut fikirlerle sosyal politikac\u0131lar da dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7evrenin tan\u0131mlanabilir herhangi bir di\u011fer \u00f6zelli\u011fine kar\u015f\u0131 duyulan yak\u0131nl\u0131k ve iticiliktir15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u011f\u0131t\u00e7\u0131ba\u015f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re tutumlar, kendileri g\u00f6zlenemeyen fakat g\u00f6zlenebilen baz\u0131 davran\u0131\u015flara yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131lan baz\u0131 e\u011filimlerdir. Ve tutumlar do\u011fu\u015ftan sahip olunamayan \u00f6\u011felerdir, zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fme ve geli\u015fme g\u00f6sterirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 psikologlar de\u011ferleri tutumlardan daha genel ve daha temel olarak m\u00fctaala ederken,baz\u0131lar\u0131 da standart testlerle \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen sosyal tutumlar ile de\u011ferler aras\u0131nda baz\u0131 ili\u015fkiler ke\u015ffetmi\u015flerdir. De\u011ferler payla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, genelle\u015fmi\u015f tutumlar\u0131 temsil eder16. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n benimsedikleri \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferler tutumlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin siyasal de\u011ferleri etik de\u011ferlerden daha a\u011f\u0131r basan bir siyaset\u00e7i se\u00e7im meydanlar\u0131nda verdi\u011fi s\u00f6zlerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yerine getiremedi\u011finde herhangi bir rahats\u0131zl\u0131k ya\u015famayabilir. S\u00f6z\u00fcnde durma davran\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin tutumunda siyasi de\u011ferler daha a\u011f\u0131r basmaktad\u0131r ve bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fcnde durmama olarak g\u00f6rmeyip siyasetin bir gere\u011fi olarak g\u00f6rebilir. Neticede s\u00f6z\u00fcnde durma olgusuna kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 tutum farkl\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ve bu tutum davran\u0131\u015fa yans\u0131maktad\u0131r, o halde de\u011ferler tutumlar\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131nda ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine \u00f6nemli bir belirleyici olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DE\u011eERLER VE AHLAK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahlaki de\u011ferler, di\u011fer de\u011ferlerle birlikte, insan\u0131n de\u011fer sisteminin bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eder; yani her cins de\u011fer ayn\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn birer par\u00e7as\u0131 olmak itibariyle birbiriyle organik bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7indedir. \u0130nsan davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 (baz\u0131 istisnalar\u0131 hari\u00e7) onun de\u011ferler de dahil olmak \u00fczere kognitif sisteminin bir yans\u0131mas\u0131ndan ibarettir. Erol G\u00fcng\u00f6r\u2019e g\u00f6re ahlaki de\u011ferler kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na bir kognitif kategori te\u015fkil etmezler; bunlar\u0131n ba\u015fka sahalara ait de\u011ferlerle mutlaka ili\u015fkili olmalar\u0131 gerekir. Ama hi\u00e7bir de\u011fer sahas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fka sahalarla olan ili\u015fkisi ahlaki de\u011ferlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar s\u0131k\u0131 ve yayg\u0131n de\u011fildir. \u0130nsan\u0131n iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc kategorilerine sokmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve davran\u0131\u015f \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Ahlaki de\u011ferlerle \u00f6b\u00fcr de\u011ferler aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki hi\u00e7 de\u011filse teorik olarak \u00e7oktur ve bunlar\u0131n herbiri ayr\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma konusu olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De\u011fer profili veya hiyerar\u015fisi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belli bir yerde bulunan kimseler hangi t\u00fcr davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 daha \u00e7ok veya daha az ahlaka ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulmaktad\u0131rlar? Mesela estetik de\u011feri a\u011f\u0131r basan bir kimse ile ekonomik de\u011feri a\u011f\u0131r basan bir kimse, vergi ka\u00e7\u0131rman\u0131n ne derece ahlaki oldu\u011fu konusunda ayn\u0131 \u015feyi mi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmektedirler? Farkl\u0131 iseler, bu farklar herhangi bir \u00f6zellik g\u00f6sterir mi? Gibi sorulara cevap arad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda sahip oldu\u011fumuz de\u011ferlerin ahlak anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131za olan etkisini g\u00f6rebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcng\u00f6r\u2019e g\u00f6re b\u00fct\u00fcn ahlaki h\u00fck\u00fcmler birer de\u011fer h\u00fckm\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bilim ve felsefe tarihi boyunca ahlaki ba\u011flamdaki de\u011fer h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine \u00e7ok de\u011fi\u015fik bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 sergilenegelmi\u015ftir. Sezgicilerin ahlaki de\u011ferleri tarif edemeyece\u011fimizi s\u00f6ylemelerine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, naturalistler de\u011ferlerin emprik bir muhtevas\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla pekala inceleme konusu olabilece\u011fini idda etmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nemli bir husus da \u015fudur ki, ahlaki de\u011ferler, insan\u0131n de\u011fer sisteminde apayr\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm te\u015fkil etmez. Ba\u015fka cinsten (mesela ilmi siyasi ) de\u011ferler ahlak de\u011ferleriyle s\u0131k\u0131 bir m\u00fcnasebet halindedir ve pekala birer ahlaki de\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc alabilir. Mesela ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerine sayg\u0131 duymak hem ilmin hem ahlak\u0131n gere\u011fidir.20Neticede Erol G\u00fcng\u00f6r\u2019e g\u00f6re ahlaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi ve davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fka davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131m\u0131zdan ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerimizden ayr\u0131 bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm saymam\u0131za imkan yoktur. Ahlaki duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce b\u00fct\u00fcn alanlarla s\u0131k\u0131 bir ili\u015fki i\u00e7indedir.Sonu\u00e7 itibariyle sahip oldu\u011fumuz de\u011ferler hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n her noktas\u0131n\u0131 etkilemekte, dahas\u0131 \u015fekillendirmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ai\u015fe \u00c7if\u00e7i DE\u011eER KAVRAMI S\u00f6zl\u00fckte; insanlar\u0131n, hayat\u0131n anlam\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bi\u00e7imlendirilmesi konusunda alternatif yollar aras\u0131ndan bir tercih yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan yol g\u00f6sterici nitelikteki soyut yahut somut ilke,inan\u00e7 veya varl\u0131klardan her biri1 olarak tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fer; sosyal bilimciler taraf\u0131ndan ‘belirli bir davran\u0131\u015f ve varolu\u015f amac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel ve toplumsal olarak kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131na tercih edilmesine dair kal\u0131c\u0131 bir inan\u00e7’, veya […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5349,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[190],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilimsel-makaleler"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DEGERLER-PSIKOLOJISI-1.jpg",570,265,false],"list":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DEGERLER-PSIKOLOJISI-1-463x265.jpg",463,265,true],"medium":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DEGERLER-PSIKOLOJISI-1-300x139.jpg",300,139,true],"full":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DEGERLER-PSIKOLOJISI-1.jpg",570,265,false]},"yoast_head":"\nDE\u011eERLER PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 - Brussels Capital University<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/degerler-psikolojisi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DE\u011eERLER PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 - Brussels Capital University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ai\u015fe \u00c7if\u00e7i DE\u011eER KAVRAMI S\u00f6zl\u00fckte; insanlar\u0131n, hayat\u0131n anlam\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bi\u00e7imlendirilmesi konusunda alternatif yollar aras\u0131ndan bir tercih yapmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan yol g\u00f6sterici nitelikteki soyut yahut somut ilke,inan\u00e7 veya varl\u0131klardan her biri1 olarak tan\u0131mlanan de\u011fer; sosyal bilimciler taraf\u0131ndan ‘belirli bir davran\u0131\u015f ve varolu\u015f amac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fisel ve toplumsal olarak kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131na tercih edilmesine dair kal\u0131c\u0131 bir inan\u00e7’, veya […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/degerler-psikolojisi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Brussels Capital University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-18T16:58:43+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/DEGERLER-PSIKOLOJISI-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"570\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"265\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/degerler-psikolojisi\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/degerler-psikolojisi\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7827bc312d6272021c9437e91b8119ac\"},\"headline\":\"DE\u011eERLER PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-18T16:58:43+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/degerler-psikolojisi\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2065,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/degerler-psikolojisi\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/DEGERLER-PSIKOLOJISI-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Bilimsel Makaleler\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/degerler-psikolojisi\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/degerler-psikolojisi\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/degerler-psikolojisi\\\/\",\"name\":\"DE\u011eERLER PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130S\u0130 - 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