{"id":5281,"date":"2021-10-18T20:05:54","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T17:05:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/?p=5247"},"modified":"2021-10-18T20:05:54","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T17:05:54","slug":"bipolar-bozukluklar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/bipolar-bozukluklar\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u0130POLAR BOZUKLUKLAR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Do\u00e7. Dr. Fisun Akdeniz ve Psk. Dr. M\u00fcge Alkan<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda herkesin duygusal d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ini\u015fler-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar olur. Duygular\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6fke, sevin\u00e7, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, co\u015fku, keder, huzursuzluk ve endi\u015fe aras\u0131nda gidip gelir. Ancak bipolar bozuklukta ya\u015famsal olaylarla k\u0131smen veya tamamen ili\u015fkisiz olarak uzun s\u00fcren ve yo\u011fun duygudurum de\u011fi\u015fimleri olur. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, duygular\u0131, fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve ki\u015finin i\u015flevlerini, ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. Yani bipolar bozukluk duygularda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerde, enerjide ve davran\u0131\u015flarda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle giden ve tedavi edilebilen bir ruhsal bozukluktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B\u0130POLAR BOZUKLUK K\u0130\u015e\u0130N\u0130N HERHANG\u0130 B\u0130R HATASINDAN YA DA K\u0130\u015e\u0130L\u0130\u011e\u0130NDEK\u0130 G\u00dc\u00c7S\u00dcZL\u00dcKTEN KAYNAKLANMAZ. TEDAV\u0130 ED\u0130LEB\u0130L\u0130R TIBB\u0130 B\u0130R BOZUKLUKTUR.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mani\/hipomani nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Temel belirtiler a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ne\u015feli, bazen \u00f6fkeli, co\u015fkulu bir duygudurum; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, konu\u015fma ve hareketlerde h\u0131zlanma ve benlik kabarmas\u0131d\u0131r. Belirtilerin en az 4-7 g\u00fcn s\u00fcrmesi gerekir; belirtileri g\u00fcn boyu s\u00fcrer ve ki\u015finin ili\u015fkilerini ve i\u015flevlerinin bozulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Ki\u015fi kendini a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 mutlu ve ta\u015fk\u0131n, enerjisini artm\u0131\u015f hisseder, bazen de a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00f6fkeli olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Az uykuya ra\u011fmen \u00e7ok fazla enerjiktir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Di\u011ferlerinin yeti\u015femeyece\u011fi kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 konu\u015fur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncede h\u0131zlanma olur, zihninde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri h\u0131zla akmaya ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Konsantrasyon kayb\u0131 vard\u0131r, dikkati \u00e7abuk da\u011f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Kendine g\u00fcveni artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Kendini g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, \u00f6nemli, di\u011ferlerinden \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Fazla para harcama, hediyeler alma, \u0131smarlama, cinsel aktivitede artma, alkol kullan\u0131m\u0131nda artma, h\u0131zl\u0131 araba kullanma, kumar oynama, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarlarda i\u015f yapma (planlar ve projeler) gibi davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu durum bazen sanki hastal\u0131k de\u011filmi\u015f gibi gelir; \u201cger\u00e7ek ki\u015fili\u011fine \u015fimdi kavu\u015fmu\u015f\u201d gibidir. Daha a\u011f\u0131r durumlarda ger\u00e7ekte olmayan sesler duymak, nesneler g\u00f6rmek gibi hal\u00fcsinasyonlar ve d\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7eklikle ili\u015fkisiz yanl\u0131\u015f inan\u0131\u015flar ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler (\u015f\u00fcphecilik, takip edildi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek, kendini \u00f6nemli ve \u00fcst\u00fcn \u00f6zellikleri olan biri zannetmek vb.) g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hipomani maninin daha hafif formudur. Hipomanik d\u00f6nemde ki\u015fi a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 keyiflidir, her zamankinden daha iyi hisseder, bu d\u00f6nemde daha \u00fcretkendir. Belirtiler hasta veya yak\u0131nlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan farkedilebilir ancak manide oldu\u011fu kadar hayat\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7le\u015ftirmez. Ki\u015fi genelde bu durumundan ho\u015fnuttur ve ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 bile kesebilir. Bu d\u00f6nemden sonra birden mani veya depresyon geli\u015febilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Depresif d\u00f6nem nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Temel belirtiler \u00e7\u00f6kk\u00fcnl\u00fck, derin \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc bir duygudurum; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce, konu\u015fma ve hareketlerde yava\u015flama ve durgunluk; de\u011fersizlik, g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczl\u00fck, isteksizlik, karamsarl\u0131kt\u0131r. Belirtiler en az 2 hafta s\u00fcrmelidir; hemen hemen her g\u00fcn ve g\u00fcn boyu s\u00fcrmesi ve ki\u015finin ili\u015fkilerini ve i\u015flevlerini bozmas\u0131 gerekir. Duygu alan\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6kk\u00fcnl\u00fck, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc durum; sinirlilik; uyumak isteme; sosyallikte azalma; kendine g\u00fcvende azalma, de\u011fersizlik, su\u00e7luluk duygular\u0131; zevk-haz alamama; halsizlik, yorgunluk vard\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce alan\u0131nda karamsar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler; al\u0131nganl\u0131k; karars\u0131zl\u0131k; dikkat da\u011f\u0131n\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131; \u00f6zk\u0131y\u0131m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, giri\u015fimleri vard\u0131r. Davran\u0131\u015f alan\u0131nda uyku bozuklu\u011fu; i\u015ftah de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi; enerji azl\u0131\u011f\u0131; g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck; \u00e7evreden uzakla\u015fma, i\u00e7e kapanma g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Belirtileri \u00f6zetleyecek olursak:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* \u00dczg\u00fcn, kederli hisseder veya normalde zevk ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feylere kar\u015f\u0131 ilgisini kaybeder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Kendine bak\u0131m\u0131 azal\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* \u00c7ok uyumaktan veya hi\u00e7 uyuyamamaktan, sabah \u00e7ok erken uyanmaktan yak\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* \u0130\u015ftah kayb\u0131 veya art\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Dikkatini toplamada veya karar vermede g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckler ya\u015far.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Unutkanl\u0131ktan \u015fikayet eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Kendini de\u011fersiz, su\u00e7lu hissedebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* Enerji kayb\u0131 vard\u0131r. Halsizlik ve yorgunluk hisseder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* \u0130ntihar, \u00f6l\u00fcm d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Karma (ya da mikst) d\u00f6nem nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u00fcn i\u00e7inde s\u0131k\u00e7a de\u011fi\u015fen mani ve depresyon belirtilerinin ayn\u0131 anda ya\u015fanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Baz\u0131 hastalar bu d\u00f6nemlerin hepsi ile zaman zaman kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rken, baz\u0131 hastalar sadece manik d\u00f6nem veya depresyon ve hipomani d\u00f6nemleri ya\u015f\u0131yor olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bipolar bozukluk ne zaman ba\u015flar?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her ya\u015fta g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir (7-77\u2019ye) ama en s\u0131k 20\u2019li ya\u015flar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bipolar bozukluk ne kadar s\u0131kl\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her 100 ki\u015fiden 1-2\u2019sinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada benzer s\u0131kl\u0131kta g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Kad\u0131n erkek aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan fark yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hastal\u0131k nas\u0131l seyreder?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130lk hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemi mani ya da depresyon d\u00f6nemi olabilir. \u0130lk hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemi ile ikincisi aras\u0131nda \u201csessiz\u201d d\u00f6nem olabilir, 3-10 y\u0131ll\u0131k ara gibi. Hastalar\u0131n % 90\u2019\u0131nda hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemleri tekrarlar. Hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinin s\u00fcresi, s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015fiddeti ki\u015fiden ki\u015fiye de\u011fi\u015fir. Alkol ve yasak madde kullan\u0131m\u0131 hastal\u0131k seyrini k\u00f6t\u00fc etkiler, ya hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemi uzar veya ataklar s\u0131kla\u015f\u0131r. D\u00fczensiz ila\u00e7 kullan\u0131m\u0131 da hastal\u0131k seyrini olumsuz etkiler. \u00d6zellikle koruyucu ila\u00e7lar\u0131n, \u00f6rne\u011fin lityum gibi, aniden kesilmesi yeni bir hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemini \u00f6ne \u00e7eker. Hastal\u0131k tekrarlama riskini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bipolar bozuklu\u011fun nedeni nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tek bir nedeni yoktur. Yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda n\u00f6rotransmiter denilen beyin kimyasallar\u0131n\u0131n dengesinde ve iletiminde sorun oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n kesin nedeni bilinmiyor olsa da genetik, biyokimyasal ve \u00e7evresel nedenlerden kaynaklanan bir hastal\u0131k oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. Bipolar bozukluk her ya\u015fta ve her cinsiyette ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir, ki\u015filerin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">psikolojik yap\u0131lar\u0131, sosyal durumlar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkili de\u011fildir. Stres ve ya\u015fam olaylar\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n teti\u011fini \u00e7ekebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bipolar bozukluk genetik, yani kal\u0131tsal m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Akrabalar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7birinde bipolar bozukluk olmayanlarda hastal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 % 1-2 iken, birinci derece bir akrabas\u0131nda (anne-baba veya karde\u015flerinde) bipolar bozukluk varsa g\u00f6r\u00fclme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 % 7-8\u2019dir. Tek yumurta ikizinde bipolar bozukluk varsa di\u011fer ikizde hastal\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 % 45-60\u2019dir, yani sadece kal\u0131t\u0131m t\u00fcm hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayamamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bipolar bozuklu\u011fun tan\u0131 ve tedavisinin olabildi\u011fince erken ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 neden&nbsp;<\/strong>\u00f6nemlidir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bipolar bozukluk s\u0131kl\u0131kla depresyon d\u00f6nemi ile ba\u015flamakta, manik d\u00f6nemler sonraki y\u0131llarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu y\u00fczden hastalar do\u011fru tan\u0131 ve do\u011fru tedavi ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fana kadar y\u0131llar ge\u00e7ebilir. Ancak erken tan\u0131 ve uygun tedaviyle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakiler \u00f6nlenebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-Okul, evlilik ve i\u015f sorunlar\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-Alkol\/madde kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-\u0130ntihar giri\u015fimleri<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-Tedavide kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilecek sorunlar: Ki\u015fi tedavi \u00f6ncesi ne kadar \u00e7ok hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemi ya\u015fad\u0131ysa, sonraki ataklar\u0131n tedavisi de o kadar g\u00fc\u00e7 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-Yanl\u0131\u015f, uygunsuz tedavi: Ki\u015fi bipolar bozukluk yerine \u00f6rne\u011fin sadece depresyon tedavisi g\u00f6r\u00fcrse, sonu\u00e7ta manik atak geli\u015fimine neden olunabilir. Depresyon yani \u00e7\u00f6kk\u00fcnl\u00fck tedavisi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan antidepresif ila\u00e7lar tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda maniye yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bipolar bozukluk nas\u0131l tedavi edilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tedavinin Basamaklar\u0131: Akut tedavi (hastal\u0131k belirtileri ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131rada) ve Koruyucu tedavi (yeniden hastalanmay\u0131 engelleme).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tedavinin \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0130la\u00e7, E\u011fitim ve Psikoterapidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En \u00f6nemli tedavi ila\u00e7 tedavisidir. \u0130ki tedavi stratejisi vard\u0131r: \u0130lk \u00f6nce var olan hastal\u0131k d\u00f6neminin (mani ya da depresyonun) tedavi edilmesi gerekir ve beraberinde hastal\u0131k yinelemesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in koruyucu tedavi planlan\u0131r. Sadece hastal\u0131k d\u00f6nemlerinin tedavi edilmesi yeterli de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bipolar bozukluk tekrarlayan bir ruhsal bozukluktur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Do\u00e7. Dr. Fisun Akdeniz ve Psk. Dr. M\u00fcge Alkan G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda herkesin duygusal d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ini\u015fler-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar olur. Duygular\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6fke, sevin\u00e7, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, co\u015fku, keder, huzursuzluk ve endi\u015fe aras\u0131nda gidip gelir. Ancak bipolar bozuklukta ya\u015famsal olaylarla k\u0131smen veya tamamen ili\u015fkisiz olarak uzun s\u00fcren ve yo\u011fun duygudurum de\u011fi\u015fimleri olur. Bu de\u011fi\u015fimler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri, duygular\u0131, fiziksel sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131 ve ki\u015finin i\u015flevlerini, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[190],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilimsel-makaleler"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BIPOLAR-BOZUKLUKLAR-1.jpg",500,436,false],"list":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BIPOLAR-BOZUKLUKLAR-1-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BIPOLAR-BOZUKLUKLAR-1-300x262.jpg",300,262,true],"full":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/BIPOLAR-BOZUKLUKLAR-1.jpg",500,436,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>B\u0130POLAR BOZUKLUKLAR - Brussels Capital University<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/bipolar-bozukluklar\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"B\u0130POLAR BOZUKLUKLAR - Brussels Capital University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Do\u00e7. Dr. Fisun Akdeniz ve Psk. Dr. M\u00fcge Alkan G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda herkesin duygusal d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda ini\u015fler-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar olur. Duygular\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6fke, sevin\u00e7, \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc, co\u015fku, keder, huzursuzluk ve endi\u015fe aras\u0131nda gidip gelir. Ancak bipolar bozuklukta ya\u015famsal olaylarla k\u0131smen veya tamamen ili\u015fkisiz olarak uzun s\u00fcren ve yo\u011fun duygudurum de\u011fi\u015fimleri olur. 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