{"id":5282,"date":"2021-10-18T20:08:21","date_gmt":"2021-10-18T17:08:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/?p=5254"},"modified":"2021-10-18T20:08:21","modified_gmt":"2021-10-18T17:08:21","slug":"intiharin-nedenleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Psikolojik Dan\u0131\u015fma<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0130NT\u0130HARIN CO\u011eRAF\u0130 NEDENLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler intihar\u0131n nedenlerini determinist bir anlay\u0131\u015fla ki\u015finin ve toplumun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda aramaktad\u0131rlar. Bunlar baz\u0131 co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6rlerin intiharlar \u00fczerinde etkili oldu\u011fu savunmu\u015flar ve bunu kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00f6ncellikle g\u00fcne\u015fin ve ay\u0131n kozmik etkisi \u00fczerinde durmu\u015flar, fakat daha sonra bunlar\u0131n do\u011frudan etkileri yerine, d\u00fcnyada meydana getirdikleri de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin intiharlar \u00fczerindeki etki derecelerini rar\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelmi\u015flerdir. Avrupa\u2019da yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucuna g\u00f6re, kuzey-bat\u0131 intihar oran\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden genelde en fazlad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde kuzeye g\u00f6re g\u00fcneyde oran daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr; fakat bu genel bir kural de\u011fildir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130ngiltere\u2019de durum daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Montesquieu, \u0130ngiltere\u2019deki intihar bollu\u011funu bir iklim hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Cheyne ise, sonbahar ve bat\u0131 r\u00fczg\u00e2rlar\u0131n\u0131n sorumlu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yler. Osiander ayn\u0131 yarg\u0131y\u0131 Kuzey Almanya i\u00e7in getirir. Fakat i\u015fi bu kadar abartmak do\u011fru de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ngiltere\u2019de Baz\u0131 Y\u0131llarda \u0130ntiharlar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Y\u0131llar Erkek (Y\u00fczbinde) Kad\u0131n (Y\u00fczbinde)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1932 21,0 8,1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1933 20,1 8,4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1936 17,6 7,7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1937 17,5 8,1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1946 14,4 7,5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1947 13,7 7,6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1948 14,5 7,9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1949 14,7 7,5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabloda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi \u0130ngiltere\u2019de her y\u0131l intihar oranlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fmektedir. Cinsiyetler aras\u0131ndaki oran farklar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almasak bile, bir cinsiyette \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrken, di\u011fer cinsiyette bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. E\u011fer iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden kaynaklanan bir oran de\u011fi\u015fmesi varsa, ni\u00e7in her iki cinsiyette de ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde de\u011fildir? Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise mevsimler ve hava ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n intiharlar \u00fczerindeki etkilerini incelemi\u015flerdir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; A.B.D.\u2019nin baz\u0131 kentlerinde bu t\u00fcr bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapan C.M. Mills\u2019e g\u00f6re, f\u0131rt\u0131nalarla intihar aras\u0131nda bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r. \u201cBarometrik bas\u0131nc\u0131n birden d\u00fc\u015fmesi ve birden de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle intihar frekanslar\u0131 y\u00fckselir.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Philips\u2019e g\u00f6re, al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f s\u0131cak, nemli ve r\u00fczg\u00e2rl\u0131 bir hava terlemeyi azalt\u0131r; sinir sistemini daha hassas hale getirerek intihar e\u011filimini art\u0131r\u0131r. Digon ve Bock ise, y\u00fcksek nisbi nem ve 30 mm. atmosferik civa bas\u0131nc\u0131nda en az intihar olay\u0131na rastlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bas\u0131n\u00e7ta b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik oldu\u011funda intihar oran\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunurlar. \u0130ntihar ile co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan ili\u015fki oldu\u011funu savunan bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler sonradan bir\u00e7ok ele\u015ftiriye u\u011fram\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Yaln\u0131z, \u015funu da unutmamal\u0131d\u0131r ki, co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6rler her ne kadar intihar\u0131 do\u011frudan etkilemiyorsa da sosyal ya\u015fam\u0131 etkilemekte ve de\u011fi\u015ftirmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; f\u0131rt\u0131nal\u0131 bir havada \u00e7o\u011fu kimse evinde oturarak pencereden bulutlar\u0131n kasvetini seyretmekte ve r\u00fczgar\u0131n u\u011fultusunu dinlemektedir. Yani, sosyal ya\u015fam durgunla\u015fmakta ve intihar edecek ki\u015fiye zemin haz\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6rlerin intiharlar \u00fczerindeki etkilerini \u00e7ok daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak inceleyen Pokorny, \u0131s\u0131, r\u00fczgar h\u0131z\u0131, r\u00fczgar y\u00f6n\u00fc, barometrik bas\u0131n\u00e7, nisbi nem, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f mesafesi, bulut tavan\u0131, ya\u011fmur, sis, \u015fim\u015fe\u011fin \u00e7akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulut ve bulutluluk derecesi gibi onbir de\u011fi\u015fik co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn intiharla olan ili\u015fkisini tek tek ara\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve hi\u00e7bir ili\u015fki bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ntiharlar\u0131n bir y\u0131l i\u00e7indeki da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 inceleyen bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 birbirinden farkl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. Fakat, genel olarak yaz ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda intihar oranlar\u0131nda bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kabul edilir. \u0130ntiharlar may\u0131s, haziran ve temmuzda en \u00e7ok; kas\u0131m, aral\u0131k ve ocakta en az d\u00fczeydedir. Bu t\u00fcr mevsimsel farkl\u0131l\u0131klar ise -Durkheim\u2019in da belirtti\u011fi gibi- de\u011fi\u015fik mevsimsel aktivitelerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130NT\u0130HARIN B\u0130YOLOJ\u0130K NEDENLER\u0130<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar intihara insan\u0131n biyolojik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler insan\u0131n beden yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n, kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n veya bedendeki kimyasal de\u011fi\u015fiklerin intihara do\u011frudan neden olabilece\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcndedirler. Beden yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n intihar nedeni oldu\u011funu savunan Sheldon\u2019a g\u00f6re endomorfik tipler (\u015fi\u015fman ve ne\u015feli ki\u015filer) intihara kar\u015f\u0131 nefret beslerler; oysa ektomorfik tipler (zay\u0131f ve duygusal ki\u015filer) hassas ki\u015filikleri dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u0131k s\u0131k intihar e\u011filim\u0131nde bulunurlar. Yani Sheldon, \u015fi\u015fman ki\u015filerin intihar etmediklerini savunmaktad\u0131r. Oysa bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rma, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u015fi\u015fmanlar\u0131n da, zay\u0131flar gibi, normal a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 ki\u015filere g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok intihar etti\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr ki\u015filerde intihar oran\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131n\u0131 ise, toplumun bu tip ki\u015filere kar\u015f\u0131 tak\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alayc\u0131 tav\u0131rlarda aramak daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7evredeki ki\u015filerin \u201cc\u0131l\u0131z, s\u0131ska, f\u0131\u00e7\u0131, dobi\u015f vb.\u201d gibi alayc\u0131 ifadeleri bu ki\u015filerde olumsuz duygular uyand\u0131rarak bunal\u0131ma itmekte ve intihara s\u00fcr\u00fckleyebilmektedir. Kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n intihar \u00fczerindeki etkisini anlayabilmenin en ge\u00e7erli yollar\u0131ndan biri ikizleri incelemektir. E\u011fer tek ve \u00e7ift yumurta ikizlerinde farkl\u0131 oranlar bulunursa, kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n belirli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler i\u00e7inde etkisinin oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ntiharda kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n etkisinin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in tek ve \u00e7ift yumurta ikizlerini inceleyen Kallman, bunlarda farkl\u0131 bir intihar davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 bulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n intihar \u00fczerinde etkisi olsayd\u0131 \u00e7ocuklarda oran\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 ve her iki cinsiyette de ayn\u0131 oranda olmas\u0131 gerekirdi. Oysa, \u00e7ocuklarda intihar oran\u0131 olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve her iki cinsiyetin intihar oranlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a b\u00fct\u00fck farkl\u0131l\u0131klar vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar cinsiyetler aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 cinsiyet hormon seviyesinde aramaktad\u0131rlar. Bu t\u00fcr ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar daha \u00e7ok kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc erkeklerde cinsiyet hormon seviyesi birka\u00e7 y\u0131l sabit kalmakta; oysa kad\u0131nlarda k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede hormon seviyesinde de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmaktad\u0131r. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n adet d\u00f6nemlerinde intihar oranlar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6zlenmi\u015ftir. Yumurtlama, kanama, adet-\u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemler kad\u0131nlarda intihar i\u00e7in genellikle ortak g\u00fcnlerdir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu zamanlarda kad\u0131nlar sinirli, gergin ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olmaktad\u0131rlar. Bu durum ise intihara uygun bir zemin olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Irklar aras\u0131ndaki oransal farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar biyolojik bir nedene ba\u011flama e\u011filimindedirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, zencilerde intihar oranlar\u0131 beyazlara g\u00f6re daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Fakat bunun nedeni biyolojik olmaktan \u00e7ok, toplumun de\u011fi\u015fik \u0131rklara olan tepkilerinde ve sosyal bask\u0131s\u0131nda yatmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, ayn\u0131 \u0131rka mensup olan de\u011fi\u015fik toplumlarda ve bir toplumun de\u011fi\u015fik b\u00f6lgelerinde intihar oranlar\u0131 ayn\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1970\u2019li y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, a\u011f\u0131r bunal\u0131m ge\u00e7iren hastalar\u0131n beyin s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131ndaki kimyasal maddeleri inceleyen Marie Asberg isimli bir psikiyatrist ilgin\u00e7 bir sonu\u00e7 buldu. \u0130nceledi\u011fi hastalar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funda, beyin s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131ndaki 5HIAA (5-Hidroksindoleasetik asit: Beyinde ne\u015fe ve duyguyu etkileyen temel maddelerden erotonin\u2019in par\u00e7alanma \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.) de\u011fi\u015fimi \u00e7ok azd\u0131. \u00dcstelik, intihar eden ya da intihar giri\u015fiminde bulunan hastalarda bu oran daha da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc. Sa\u011flam ki\u015filerde 19.8 nanogram\/mm (1 nanogram, gram\u0131n milyarda biridir.) olan 5HIAA d\u00fczeyi, hastalarda 16.3\u2019d\u00fc. Hastalar\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck 5HIAA\u2019l\u0131lar\u0131 \u015fiddetli intihar y\u00f6ntemlerini se\u00e7erken; daha y\u00fcksek olanlar\u0131 \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 yollar\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015fler ve hi\u00e7biri de kendini \u00f6ld\u00fcrememi\u015ftir. Ancak bu ara\u015ft\u0131rma sonucunda kesin bir yarg\u0131ya var\u0131lamad\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten Asberg; \u201cBana kal\u0131rsa, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck 5HIAA intihar olay\u0131n\u0131 belirlemiyor, yaln\u0131zca insanlar\u0131 \u00e7evrenin etkisine daha a\u00e7\u0131k tutuyor\u201d diyerek, intihar \u00fczerindeki psikolojik ve \u00f6zellikle de toplumsal fakt\u00f6rlarin etkilerini g\u00f6zarde etmememiz gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130NT\u0130HARIN FELSEF\u0130 NEDENLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7a\u011flar boyunca toplumlar intihara farkl\u0131 tepkiler g\u00f6stermi\u015flerdir. Kimi toplumlarda desteklenen ve do\u011fru bir davran\u0131\u015f olarak kabul edilen intihar, di\u011fer baz\u0131 toplumlarda ise olumsuz bir davran\u0131\u015f olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Bu t\u00fcr tepkilerin y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc belirleyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biri de ku\u015fkusuz toplumlar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce bi\u00e7imleri ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrleridir. Hata baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin eserleri, o d\u00f6nemdeki intihar olaylar\u0131ndan sorumlu tutulmu\u015flard\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler daha \u00e7ok insan\u0131n kendi ya\u015fam\u0131na son verme hakk\u0131na sahip olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131 ve bu davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n onurlu bir davran\u0131\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde durmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski Yunanistan\u2019daki ilk filozoflar intihara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Pisagor ve takip\u00e7ileri ruhun \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne inand\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in intihar\u0131 yasaklarlar. Platon ve Aristo da intihara kar\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Fakat baz\u0131 durumlarda intihar\u0131 onaylarlar. Platon, yasalar\u0131nda, en yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131, en iyi dostunu yani kendini \u00f6ld\u00fcrenin \u015ferefsizce g\u00f6m\u00fclmesini ister. E\u011fer ki\u015fi bu i\u015fi kamu yarg\u0131s\u0131yla, kaderin ba\u015f\u0131na getirdi\u011fi \u00f6nlenmez, \u00e7ekilmez bir dert, katlan\u0131lmaz bir utan\u00e7 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden yapm\u0131\u015fsa anlay\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtir (Montaigne 1984). Aristo ise, sava\u015fta onur i\u00e7in olan intiharlar\u0131 destekler. Oysa, a\u015fk vb. gibi nedenlerden olan intiharlar cesur insan\u0131n yapaca\u011f\u0131 \u015feyler de\u011fildir (Choron 1972). Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlere g\u00f6re, bizim hayattan nefret edip, y\u00fcz \u00e7evirmemiz do\u011faya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ntihara kar\u015f\u0131 olan bir di\u011fer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr de Epik\u00fcr\u2019d\u00fcr. O da, \u00f6ncekiler gibi, erdeme \u00f6nem vermi\u015f ve amac\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bilgeli\u011fe ula\u015fmak oldu\u011funu savunmu\u015ftur. \u0130nsan ihtiraslar\u0131n\u0131 tatmin yoluyla mutlulu\u011fa ula\u015famaz. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, hazz\u0131n tatminini do\u011fal olarak bir s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ve isteksizlik takip edecektir. Bu, bizi, ger\u00e7ek amac\u0131m\u0131z olan ac\u0131dan ka\u00e7mak hedefinden sapt\u0131racakt\u0131r (Fromm 1982). Hatta, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc aramaya kadar g\u00f6t\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski Yunan\u2019da intihar\u0131n kabul edilebilir bir eylem oldu\u011funa do\u011fru yap\u0131lan kararl\u0131 ilk de\u011fi\u015fim, Epik\u00fcr\u2019\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck rakibi Kitionlu Zenon taraf\u0131ndan olmu\u015ftur. Zenon, ki\u015finin intihar etme hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funu savunur. Kendisi de ya\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda intihar etmi\u015ftir. Stuac\u0131lara g\u00f6re, ak\u0131ll\u0131 adam\u0131n intihar\u0131 sorunu ahl\u00e2ki bir do\u011fru veya yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011fildir. Fakat kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir durumda ya\u015famay\u0131 veya \u00f6lmeyi tercih karar\u0131d\u0131r. Stuac\u0131lar intihar\u0131 savunmakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, \u015fu durumlarda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir davran\u0131\u015f olarak kabul etmi\u015flerdir. (Gibbs 1968)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Bu hareket di\u011fer ki\u015filer veya vatana bir hizmet ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Ki\u015fi yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir i\u015fe zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Kronik hastal\u0131klarda; \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ya\u015fama tercih edilece\u011fi durumlarda,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hegesias, i\u015fi daha ileri g\u00f6t\u00fcrerek, bilgi olmayan kimselerin kendilerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeleri gerekti\u011fini savunur. Ona g\u00f6re mutluluk erdemdir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck olaylar\u0131n nazz\u0131n\u0131 arayan kimse bu mutlulu\u011fu hi\u00e7bir zaman elde edemez; o halde bilge olmayan ki\u015fi erdemsizdir, kendini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmelidir. Onun felsefesinin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

temelini ise, \u015fu s\u00f6z\u00fc \u00e7ok iyi bir bi\u00e7imde yans\u0131t\u0131r: \u201cYa\u015fam\u0131n yolunu oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00f6lmenin yolunu da kendimiz se\u00e7meliyiz.\u201d (Montaigne 1984).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seneka; \u201ciyi insan ya\u015famas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kadar ya\u015far, ya\u015fayabildi\u011fi kadar de\u011fil\u201d demektedir (Choron 1972). \u0130nsan kendi \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne istedi\u011fi zaman karar verebilir. Ya\u015fam\u0131 ile felsefesi birbiriyle \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in, Roma Kral\u0131 Neron taraf\u0131ndan damar\u0131n\u0131 keserek intihar etme cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eski Yunan\u2019da son zamanlarda intihar\u0131n bu \u015fekilde kabul edilebilir bir eylem olmas\u0131, o devirde intiharlar\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden olan fakt\u00f6rlerden biri olabilir. \u00d6zellikle Yunan sitelerinin Roma\u2019ya kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla bu oranlarda bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda egemen olmas\u0131yla beraber, kilise \u00f6\u011fretileri felsefe alan\u0131nda da etkin duruma gelmi\u015f ve R\u00f6nesans d\u00f6nemine kadar bu etkinli\u011fini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nem filozoflar\u0131nda, insan hayat\u0131n\u0131n Tanr\u0131\u2019ya ait oldu\u011fu fikri egemen durumdayd\u0131. Dinle felsefenin bu d\u00f6nemde i\u00e7i\u00e7e olu\u015fu intihar olaylar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir oranda kalmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015f; fakat tamamen engelleyememi\u015ftir. R\u00f6nesans ile birlikte kilise felsefesi etkinli\u011fini yitirmi\u015f ve intihar konusunda da daha tavizk\u00e2r bir tutum tak\u0131n\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Montaigne, insan\u0131n kendi iradesiyle ya\u015fam\u0131na son verebilece\u011fini savunmu\u015ftur. \u201chayat bir i\u015finize yaramad\u0131ysa, bo\u015fu bo\u015funa ge\u00e7tiyse, onu yitirmekten ne korkuyorsunuz. Daha ya\u015fay\u0131p da ne yapacaks\u0131n\u0131z\u201d diyen Montaigne\u2019e g\u00f6re, \u00f6l\u00fcmle b\u00fct\u00fcn dertler bitecektir (Montaigne 1984). Bunun i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00fcmden korkmamal\u0131 ve dertlerden kurtulman\u0131n bir yolu olarak da intihar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18. y\u00fczy\u0131l felsefesinde en\u00e7ok i\u015flenen konulardan biri \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, bu d\u00f6nemdeki filozoflar\u0131n hemen hepsi intihara da izin verir bir tav\u0131r tak\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Montesquieu intihara kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanan kanunlar\u0131 ele\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Hume, intihar\u0131n bir su\u00e7 oldu\u011fu fikrini \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctmeye \u00e7el\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Ona g\u00f6re intihar, ilahi yasaya kar\u015f\u0131 gelme de\u011fildir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yasa do\u011fa yasas\u0131yla birlikte i\u015fler ve insan\u0131n do\u011fadaki yerini bulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Rousseau, ba\u015fkas\u0131na zarar vermedikce intihar\u0131 destekler. S\u00f6ylentilere g\u00f6re, mutsuz bir ya\u015fam\u0131 olan Rousseau da intihar etmi\u015ftir. Ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Diderot ise, do\u011fal olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kilisenin \u00f6\u011fretilerine kar\u015f\u0131 geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in anti-sosyal bir davran\u0131\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr ve kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kant, intihara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Hume\u2019un g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc ele\u015ftirir. Kant\u2019a g\u00f6re, do\u011fal olarak insan\u0131n ilk amac\u0131 kendini korumakt\u0131r. Bunun i\u00e7in intihar bir kusurdur ve lanetlenmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schopenhauer, Kant\u2019a g\u00f6re daha \u00e7ok taviz verir. Ona g\u00f6re, ki\u015fi intihar etme hakk\u0131na sahiptir; ama bu, bo\u015f ve aptalca bir \u015feydir. \u0130ntihar, ki\u015finin do\u011faya sordu\u011fu bir sorudur: \u00d6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6tesinde ne var? Kendilerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrenler sadece ac\u0131 \u00e7eken bedenlerinin ac\u0131s\u0131na son verebilirler; sonsuz s\u00fcrekliliklerine engel olamazlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBaz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok erken, baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00e7ok ge\u00e7 hayattan ayr\u0131l\u0131yorlar, as\u0131l i\u015f tam zaman\u0131nda \u00f6lmektir\u201d (Arkun 1963) diyen Nietzsche, intihara kar\u015f\u0131 de\u011fildir. \u0130ntihar ki\u015finin hakk\u0131 ve ona verilen bir arma\u011fand\u0131r. \u00dcst-insan\u0131n yarat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in felsefesini y\u00f6nlendiren Nietzsche, bu \u00fcst\u00fcn amaca katk\u0131da bulunamayacak ki\u015finin intihar etmesini ve bundan da mutluluk duymas\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hartmann ise, insan\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu tek \u015feyin bu d\u00fcnya oldu\u011funu belirterek, en iyi olmamakla beraber elimizdeki bu d\u00fcnyadan vazge\u00e7mememiz gerekti\u011fini savunur. Ya\u015famak, temelde arzu edilmeyen bir \u015feydir; hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile doludur. Fakat yine de, elimizdekinin en iyisi olan bu ya\u015famdan ka\u00e7mamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camus, \u201cacaba hayat ya\u015famaya de\u011fer mi, de\u011fmez mi?\u201d sorusuna cevap vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r (H\u00fcbscher 1980). Camus i\u00e7in bu soru felsefenin temel sorusudur; bundan ba\u015fka da temel felsefe sorusu yoktur. Bu sorunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 Camus \u015f\u00f6yle verir: \u0130nsan intihar edebilir, ancak bu d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck olmaz. \u00d6l\u00fcm insan\u0131 huzura kavu\u015fturur, fakat insan\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \u00e7abas\u0131 d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar \u00e7ok kalmaya, onu incelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bat\u0131daki bu \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, do\u011fu d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda egemen olan mistik felsefenin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne g\u00f6re, intihar etmek ki\u015finin istemine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yani ki\u015fi, ya\u015fam ile \u00f6l\u00fcm aras\u0131nda karar verme hakk\u0131na sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jainizm ve Budizme g\u00f6re, y\u00fcreklerimizden ya\u015fama isteklerini \u00e7\u0131karmal\u0131y\u0131z. \u0130nsan ancak yokolarak ac\u0131dan kurtulur ve mutlu olabilir. Hatta, Jainizmin kurucusu olan Mahavira, insan\u0131n a\u00e7 kalarak kendini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmesini b\u00fcy\u00fck bir erdem olarak nitelendirir. Konf\u00fc\u00e7yus ise intihara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. Ona g\u00f6re, insan\u0131n amac\u0131 iyi ve uzun ya\u015famakt\u0131r. \u0130nsan \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonras\u0131n\u0131 merak etmemelidir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, \u00f6l\u00fcmden sonra hayat oldu\u011fu bilinirse, kimileri canlar\u0131na k\u0131yarak oraya gitmeyi isteyebilirler (Han\u00e7erlio\u011flu 1976).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Belirli bir tarihsel s\u0131rayla de\u011findi\u011fimiz bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleriyle, ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerdeki intihar oranlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir ili\u015fki g\u00f6ze \u00e7arpmaktad\u0131r. Konumuz a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli olan nokta da budur. Fakat bu ili\u015fkiye bakarak, intihar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu sadece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlere ba\u011flamak da yanl\u0131\u015f olur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, genelde, toplumsal d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce toplumu olu\u015fturan \u00f6\u011felerden sadece bir tanesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konuya felsefi a\u00e7\u0131dan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda sonu\u00e7 olarak \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr: \u0130nsan ya\u015famak i\u00e7in do\u011far, ya\u015famas\u0131 gereklidir; olumsuz toplumsal ko\u015fullar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00e7aresiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hissetti\u011fi anda ki\u015finin, ya\u015fam\u0131na son verme hakk\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc insan ya\u015fam\u0131, insan\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 eylemlerden olu\u015fur. \u015e\u00f6yle veya b\u00f6yle intihar da bir eylemdir ve ki\u015fi istedi\u011fi takdirde bu eylemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130NT\u0130HARIN PS\u0130KOLOJ\u0130K NEDENLER\u0130<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ntihar, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131m\u0131zda, psikiyatristlerin ve psikologlar\u0131n ilgilendikleri en \u00f6nemli konulardan biri durumuna gelmi\u015ftir. Bu alanlarda konu ile ilgilenenler intihar\u0131 ki\u015finin bir sorunu olarak ele alm\u0131\u015flar ve toplumsal ko\u015fullara gereken \u00f6nemi vermemi\u015flerdir. Psikiyatrist ve psikologlar, sosyolojik a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ele\u015ftirerek, Neden \u015fu ki\u015fi de\u011fil de, bu ki\u015fi intihar ediyor? sorusuna ki\u015filerin psikolojik yap\u0131lar\u0131na inerek cevap aram\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden eksiklik g\u00f6stermelerine ra\u011fmen, yine de intihar\u0131n nedenlerini a\u00e7\u0131klayabilmede \u00f6nemli katk\u0131larda bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r. Psikiyatri ve psikolojinin nerede ayr\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131, bu iki bilimin farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 tam olarak belirlenememektedir. Birbiri i\u00e7ine ge\u00e7en bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri ay\u0131rabilmek g\u00fc\u00e7 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in iki bilim dal\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri de tek bir ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda toplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6nce k\u0131saca psikiyatrinin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na de\u011finilecek ve daha sonra ise psikoloji alan\u0131nda ge\u00e7erlilikleri hala tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olan baz\u0131 teoriler \u00fczerinde durulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Psikiyatrinin intihar olgusu kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumu olduk\u00e7a ilgin\u00e7tir. Bu tutum, \u00e7ok uzun bir s\u00fcre boyunca intihar problemini herhangi bir ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 te\u015fhisi koyarak halletme gibi kestirme olmu\u015ftur. Ruhsal bozuklu\u011fu olan hastalarda kendi canlar\u0131na k\u0131yma olaylar\u0131na olduk\u00e7a s\u0131k rastlan\u0131r. Bu verilerden hareket eden psikiyatristler her intihar olay\u0131na bir ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 damgas\u0131 vurmak ve sorunu ak\u0131l hastahanelerinin i\u00e7erisinde halletme e\u011filiminde olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Oysa, istatistikler delilikle intihar aras\u0131nda zorunlu bir ba\u011f olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ikisinin de frekanslar\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 uyu\u015fmayan de\u011fi\u015fiklikler g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131n\u0131n bilin\u00e7sizce canlar\u0131na k\u0131ymalar\u0131n\u0131 intihar olarak ele alamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ger\u00e7e\u011fi bir yana; g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayatta normal olarak kabul edilen ki\u015filerin intihar oranlar\u0131 yan\u0131nda, ak\u0131l hastalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zde intihar oran\u0131 \u00f6nemsenmeyecek kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir y\u00fczde te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Psikolojik Dan\u0131\u015fma \u0130NT\u0130HARIN CO\u011eRAF\u0130 NEDENLER\u0130 Bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler intihar\u0131n nedenlerini determinist bir anlay\u0131\u015fla ki\u015finin ve toplumun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda aramaktad\u0131rlar. Bunlar baz\u0131 co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6rlerin intiharlar \u00fczerinde etkili oldu\u011fu savunmu\u015flar ve bunu kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00f6ncellikle g\u00fcne\u015fin ve ay\u0131n kozmik etkisi \u00fczerinde durmu\u015flar, fakat daha sonra bunlar\u0131n do\u011frudan etkileri yerine, d\u00fcnyada meydana getirdikleri de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[190],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilimsel-makaleler"],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg",500,436,false],"list":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1-463x348.jpg",463,348,true],"medium":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1-300x262.jpg",300,262,true],"full":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg",500,436,false]},"yoast_head":"\n\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130 - Brussels Capital University<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130 - Brussels Capital University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Psikolojik Dan\u0131\u015fma \u0130NT\u0130HARIN CO\u011eRAF\u0130 NEDENLER\u0130 Bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler intihar\u0131n nedenlerini determinist bir anlay\u0131\u015fla ki\u015finin ve toplumun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda aramaktad\u0131rlar. Bunlar baz\u0131 co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6rlerin intiharlar \u00fczerinde etkili oldu\u011fu savunmu\u015flar ve bunu kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00f6ncellikle g\u00fcne\u015fin ve ay\u0131n kozmik etkisi \u00fczerinde durmu\u015flar, fakat daha sonra bunlar\u0131n do\u011frudan etkileri yerine, d\u00fcnyada meydana getirdikleri de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Brussels Capital University\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-18T17:08:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"500\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"436\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"admin\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7827bc312d6272021c9437e91b8119ac\"},\"headline\":\"\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-18T17:08:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":3263,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Bilimsel Makaleler\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130 - Brussels Capital University\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-18T17:08:21+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/10\\\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg\",\"width\":500,\"height\":436},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/intiharin-nedenleri\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Brussels Capital University\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Brussels Capital University\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/bculogo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/bculogo.png\",\"width\":514,\"height\":145,\"caption\":\"Brussels Capital University\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/7827bc312d6272021c9437e91b8119ac\",\"name\":\"admin\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d551074ffd7d708e0b8118aec017da45c835238eaca6764de7456a0ecdbaf37a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d551074ffd7d708e0b8118aec017da45c835238eaca6764de7456a0ecdbaf37a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d551074ffd7d708e0b8118aec017da45c835238eaca6764de7456a0ecdbaf37a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"admin\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/bcuni.eu\\\/tr\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130 - Brussels Capital University","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/","og_locale":"tr_TR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130 - Brussels Capital University","og_description":"Psikolojik Dan\u0131\u015fma \u0130NT\u0130HARIN CO\u011eRAF\u0130 NEDENLER\u0130 Bu t\u00fcr g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler intihar\u0131n nedenlerini determinist bir anlay\u0131\u015fla ki\u015finin ve toplumun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda aramaktad\u0131rlar. Bunlar baz\u0131 co\u011frafi fakt\u00f6rlerin intiharlar \u00fczerinde etkili oldu\u011fu savunmu\u015flar ve bunu kan\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00f6ncellikle g\u00fcne\u015fin ve ay\u0131n kozmik etkisi \u00fczerinde durmu\u015flar, fakat daha sonra bunlar\u0131n do\u011frudan etkileri yerine, d\u00fcnyada meydana getirdikleri de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin […]","og_url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/","og_site_name":"Brussels Capital University","article_published_time":"2021-10-18T17:08:21+00:00","og_image":[{"width":500,"height":436,"url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"admin","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Yazan:":"admin","Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi":"16 dakika"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/"},"author":{"name":"admin","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/7827bc312d6272021c9437e91b8119ac"},"headline":"\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130","datePublished":"2021-10-18T17:08:21+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/"},"wordCount":3263,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg","articleSection":["Bilimsel Makaleler"],"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/","url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/","name":"\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130 - Brussels Capital University","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg","datePublished":"2021-10-18T17:08:21+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"tr","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/INTIHARIN-NEDENLERI-1.jpg","width":500,"height":436},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/intiharin-nedenleri\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Anasayfa","item":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0130NT\u0130HARIN NEDENLER\u0130"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/","name":"Brussels Capital University","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"tr"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#organization","name":"Brussels Capital University","url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/bculogo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/bculogo.png","width":514,"height":145,"caption":"Brussels Capital University"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/#\/schema\/person\/7827bc312d6272021c9437e91b8119ac","name":"admin","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"tr","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d551074ffd7d708e0b8118aec017da45c835238eaca6764de7456a0ecdbaf37a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d551074ffd7d708e0b8118aec017da45c835238eaca6764de7456a0ecdbaf37a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d551074ffd7d708e0b8118aec017da45c835238eaca6764de7456a0ecdbaf37a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"admin"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr"],"url":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5282"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5282\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bcuni.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}